Bipolar nebula

A bipolar nebula is a distinctive nebular formation characterized by an axially symmetric bi-lobed appearance.

Many, but not all, planetary nebulae exhibit an observed bipolar structure. It may be that the two types of nebulae are directly related, one preceding or superseding the other in the evolution of the nebula.

Contents

Formation

Though the exact causes of this nebular structure are not known, it may be related to the physical process known as bipolar outflow in which a star ejects highly energetic streams of outflow along both poles. One theory states that these outflows collide with material surrounding the star (either stellar dust, or shells of matter sloughed off in a prior Supernova event).

Examples

References

  1. ^ NewsCenter - Doomed Star Eta Carinae (06/10/1996) - Release Images. HubbleSite (1996-06-10). Retrieved on 2010-11-26.
  2. ^ APOD: July 12, 1995 - Eta Carinae Before Explosion. Antwrp.gsfc.nasa.gov (1995-07-12). Retrieved on 2010-11-26.
  3. ^ APOD: 2006 March 26 - Doomed Star Eta Carinae. Antwrp.gsfc.nasa.gov. Retrieved on 2010-11-26.
  4. ^ Eta Carinae Nebula (NGC 3372). Daviddarling.info (2007-02-01). Retrieved on 2010-11-26.
  5. ^ HubbleSite – NewsCenter – Hubble Witnesses the Final Blaze of Glory of Sun-Like Stars (12/17/1997) – Release Images
  6. ^ APOD: 2005 June 12 - M2 9: Wings of a Butterfly Nebula. Antwrp.gsfc.nasa.gov. Retrieved on 2010-11-26.
  7. ^ APOD: October 21, 1997 - The Butterfly Planetary Nebula. Antwrp.gsfc.nasa.gov (1997-10-21). Retrieved on 2010-11-26.
  8. ^ Butterfly Nebula (M 2-9). Daviddarling.info (2007-02-01). Retrieved on 2010-11-26.
  9. ^ NewsCenter - The "Rotten Egg" Nebula: A Planetary Nebula in the Making (10/19/1999) - Introduction. HubbleSite (1999-10-19). Retrieved on 2010-11-26.
  10. ^ a b APOD: November 1, 1999 - The Rotten Egg Planetary Nebula. Antwrp.gsfc.nasa.gov (1999-11-01). Retrieved on 2010-11-26.
  11. ^ APOD: 2001 September 3 - The Making of the Rotten Egg Nebula. Antwrp.gsfc.nasa.gov. Retrieved on 2010-11-26.
  12. ^ Calabash Nebula (OH231.8+4.2). Daviddarling.info (2007-02-01). Retrieved on 2010-11-26.
  13. ^ NewsCenter - Astro-Entomology? Ant-like Space Structure Previews Death of Our Sun (02/01/2001) - Introduction. HubbleSite (2001-02-01). Retrieved on 2010-11-26.
  14. ^ APOD: 2005 May 1 - Planetary Nebula Mz3: The Ant Nebula. Antwrp.gsfc.nasa.gov. Retrieved on 2010-11-26.
  15. ^ Ant Nebula (Menzel 3). Daviddarling.info (2007-02-01). Retrieved on 2010-11-26.
  16. ^ NewsCenter - Hubble Finds Searchlight Beams and Multiple Arcs around a Dying Star (01/16/1996) - Introduction. HubbleSite (1996-01-16). Retrieved on 2010-11-26.
  17. ^ APOD: June 26, 1999 - Shells in the Egg Nebula. Antwrp.gsfc.nasa.gov (1999-06-26). Retrieved on 2010-11-26.
  18. ^ APOD: 2003 April 9 - The Egg Nebula in Polarized Light. Antwrp.gsfc.nasa.gov. Retrieved on 2010-11-26.
  19. ^ Egg Nebula (CRL 2688). Daviddarling.info (2007-02-01). Retrieved on 2010-11-26.
  20. ^ NewsCenter - Dying Star Sculpts Rungs of Gas and Dust (05/11/2004) - Release Images. HubbleSite (2004-05-11). Retrieved on 2010-11-26.
  21. ^ APOD: 2004 May 13 - Rungs of the Red Rectangle. Antwrp.gsfc.nasa.gov. Retrieved on 2010-11-26.
  22. ^ Red Rectangle. Daviddarling.info (2007-02-01). Retrieved on 2010-11-26.
  23. ^ NewsCenter - Hubble Finds an Hourglass Nebula around a Dying Star (01/16/1996) - Release Images. HubbleSite (1996-01-16). Retrieved on 2010-11-26.
  24. ^ APOD: January 18, 1996 - MyCn18: An Hourglass Nebula. Antwrp.gsfc.nasa.gov (1996-01-18). Retrieved on 2010-11-26.
  25. ^ APOD: 2002 June 15 - MyCn18: An Hourglass Nebula. Antwrp.gsfc.nasa.gov. Retrieved on 2010-11-26.
  26. ^ APOD: February 9, 1996 - The Eye of an Hourglass Nebula. Antwrp.gsfc.nasa.gov (1996-02-09). Retrieved on 2010-11-26.
  27. ^ Hourglass Nebula (MyCn 18). Daviddarling.info (2007-02-01). Retrieved on 2010-11-26.
  28. ^ NewsCenter - Symbiotic Star Blows Bubbles into Space (08/24/1999) - Release Images. HubbleSite (1999-08-24). Retrieved on 2010-11-26.
  29. ^ APOD: August 31, 1999 - Symbiotic Star Bubbles. Antwrp.gsfc.nasa.gov (1999-08-31). Retrieved on 2010-11-26.
  30. ^ Southern Crab Nebula (He2-104). Daviddarling.info (2007-02-01). Retrieved on 2010-11-26.
  31. ^ NewsCenter - Hubble Catches Scattered Light from the Boomerang Nebula (09/13/2005) - Release Images. HubbleSite (2005-09-13). Retrieved on 2010-11-26.
  32. ^ APOD: 2005 September 14 - The Boomerang Nebula in Polarized Light. Antwrp.gsfc.nasa.gov. Retrieved on 2010-11-26.
  33. ^ APOD: 2003 February 20 - Cold Wind from the Boomerang Nebula. Antwrp.gsfc.nasa.gov. Retrieved on 2010-11-26.
  34. ^ APOD: October 15, 1997 - Cold Wind From The Boomerang Nebula. Antwrp.gsfc.nasa.gov (1997-10-15). Retrieved on 2010-11-26.
  35. ^ Boomerang Nebula. Daviddarling.info (2007-02-01). Retrieved on 2010-11-26.
  36. ^ APOD: 28 October 2001 – NGC 2346: A Butterfly-Shaped Planetary Nebula

See also